《台灣社會研究季刊》第六十期,2005年12月

 

篇 名 性別、牡蠣、經濟變動:東石漁村婦女之工作認同 Gender, Oyster and Economic Change: the Transformation of Work Identity of Women in Tung-Shin
作 者 林雅容 Lin, Ya-Jung 
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁1-33
專  輯  
關 鍵 詞 經濟變動、工作認同、性別勞務分工 
economic change, work identity, sexual division of labor
摘  要   本文以嘉義縣東石鄉東石漁村為研究場域,採用質性研究之女性主義民族誌,探討婦女對於工作所產生之認同為何。具體地說,所欲回答的問題是,當經濟變動改變了產業發展,進而使兩性之勞動參與情況發生轉變,婦女如何自勞動過程中重塑出自我勞動參與的重要性?本文是透過在地女性之觀點,呈現婦女所形塑出之工作認同;在資料分析上,是以交換理論為架構。本文發現,婦女對於工作之認同是建立在三個層面,分別為:「女性化」的勞動價值、他者的勞動價值,以及「家務勞動互助化」的勞動共識。首先,「女性化」的勞動價值使得漁村勞動市場之性別互動產生主從關係的交換,當「女性的」工作具「女性化」勞動價值時,將使女性勞動力自邊緣勞動位階轉變為主要勞動位置,婦女因而握有排除外來者的權力。其次,婦女是以個人過往之工作經驗評論同為剖蚵者的勞動價值,從中所呈現的是「資源———位階」間的交換。婦女以正式部門之工作經驗討論漁村勞動市場之工作時,凸顯出漁村工作之不重要、落後的特質,此也使得漁村婦女面對其他勞動者時,多持負面評價,特別是在婦女們背負養家重擔之際。最末,「家務勞動互助化」的勞動共識所呈現的是,婦女雖是積極地投入漁村工作,但是她們為避免自我在勞動市場的參與會對家庭照顧造成負面影響,所做的調整是,取得彼此間的互助、支持以換取家庭照顧工作的協助。

  This study applied feminist ethnography to understand the work identity of women in the fishing process under the economic change. The Fishing community, Tung-shin, a more traditional remote fishing community from Chia-Yi County, is selected for this study. The results show that the work identity of female breadwinners in this fishing community is credited to three factors, including: (1) Womanizing labor value from the labor regime. Because of the significant sexual division in the labor regime, the contributions of women have always been devalued. Female labors approve themselves by womanizing labor value.(2) Slowing the gender-order rearrangement in the labor market. Women's  works have become more and more important in the decline of economic development. In order to protecting their working opportunities, women does not confirm the labor value of male labors, especially whom are unemployed.(3) Restructuring the labor consensus of housework cooperation from the group-based work. Based on voluntary servitude in the group-based work, women restructuring their labor consensus for sharing the burdens of housework to each other.

  

篇 名 全球化時代的國家、市民社會與跨國階級政治——從台灣支援中美洲工人運動的兩個案例談起
State, Civil Society and Transnational Class Politics in the Age of Globalization: A Case Study of Taiwan's Solidarity with Central American Labor Struggles
作 者 陳信行 Hsin-Hsing Chen
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁 35-110
專  輯  
關 鍵 詞 跨國勞工團結、企業社會責任、工人運動、全球化  transnational labor solidarity, corporate social responsibility, labor movement, globalization
摘  要   本文援引2000年至2002年間台灣工運團體支援中美洲工人運動的經驗,探討當代各國勞動管制體制的弱化與跨國化等變遷,並藉而檢視關於全球化時代所謂國家式微、市民社會興起等命題。本文詳述了年興紡織尼加拉瓜廠與台南企業薩爾瓦多廠的爭議事件背景與始末及其與台灣、美國和中美洲三地的政經變遷、社會運動與地緣政治的牽連。  作者檢驗了新興的「企業社會責任」(Corporate Social Responsibility)勞動管制體制對於工人運動的影響,發現在現階段該體制雖有部分效用、但並無法取代之前佔主導地位的兩個勞動管制體制:國家(勞動法體制)與工會(團體協約)。作者評估兩個案例所牽涉的一些擬似跨國勞動法的機構:包括貿易組織與協定中的勞動人權條款、聯合國國際勞工組織公約與裁決、以及國內法的跨國管轄等,並認為這些機構因缺乏適當的強制力,尚無法成為「超國家」(super-state)。而且,這些跨國勞動管制機制對於各國工運在該國國內政治層次上的鬥爭不必然有所幫助。  雖然資本主義全球化使得各地工人的命運日益緊密相繫,各國工人運動所採取的應對之道也開創了許多富潛力的跨國團結行動,這些行動往往會反過來促進各國工人運動的積極轉型,但是,當前工人運動進行並發生作用的最主要空間框架仍然是各個國族國家,必然受到各國家的政治、社會歷史的制約,再從而改變國內政治與社會結構。本文討論了這些經驗對於思索「後威權」時代台灣民主困局之課題的啟示,並主張從實際歷史與社會運動經驗出發,深化檢視之前的規範性討論。

       From 2000 to 2002, labor organizations and labor-rights advocates in Taiwan were involved in two transnational solidarity campaigns in cooperation with North American anti-sweatshop movement in support of Central-American trade unionists: the Chentex Campaign in Nicaragua and the Tainan Enterprises Campaign in El Salvador. This article summarizes the context, the process and the influences of the campaigns on three aspects -- political-economic transformation, social movements, and geopolitics—in three locales—North and Central America and Taiwan. Using the experience, the author discusses the current situation of the weakening of national labor regulation regimes and the possibility of transnational regimes. Also examined are the popular discourses about the decline of the state and the rise of transnational civil society in the age of globalization. Implications of the emerging transnational regime of "corporate social responsibility" for labor movements are evaluated using the campaign experience. The author finds it partly useful but neither possible nor desirable to replace the existing national institutions of labor regulation: national labor-law regime and the regime of industrial relations based on collective bargaining. Also discussed with the case history are the institutions that may potentially play the role of transnational labor regulation regime, including labor-rights clauses in international trade organizations and agreements, ILO conventions and arbitration mechanisms, and possible cross-border jurisdictions of national laws. They are found impossible to substitute for national-level labor regulation regimes for their lack of adequate enforcement power and not automatically bringing desirable outcomes for national labor movements. Capitalist globalization has indeed brought working classes in far-flung places much closer together than before. Responses from labor movements in various countries created rich potentials for transnational solidarity actions, and these actions often encourage positive transformations for national labor movements. However, at this moment, the most important spatial framework wherein labor struggles to take place and take effect is still the nation state. The struggles take place under the constraints of social-political histories of particular nation states, and, in term, transform the national-level social-political structures. In this light, the author examines the recent political discussions in Taiwan about the crisis of democracy under the "post-authoritarian" condition, and calls for deepening the hitherto highly normative discussion with empirical data from history and social-movement practices.

  

篇 名 華語恐怖電影的傳統觀與現世感———由《暫時停止呼吸》到《見鬼》之論述革新
作 者 郭宏昇、周平 Hung-Sheng Kuo、Ping Chou
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁 111-144
專  輯  
關 鍵 詞 華語恐怖電影、符號、傳統觀、現世感  Chinese-speaking Horror Film, Sign, traditional concept, life sense
摘  要        華語恐怖片從1985年由《暫時停止呼吸》(Mr. Vampire)系列造成殭屍旋風之後,逐漸產生了符號性轉折,由原先依循中國傳統的誌怪元素,到巧妙地創造出文化新真實,在在挑戰著觀眾的文化經驗。到了2000年之後,《見鬼》(The Eye)等片的表述方式已經不再是傳統中嚇人的形象(如殭屍),其中更多的是新時代的焦慮,我們可以從這樣的符號變形中抽離出一些論述革新的軌跡,以及觀看自身悄悄接受符號變體的過程。

       Since Chinese-speaking horror film has provoked a fashionable current starting with "Mr. Vampire" series 1985, a semiotic turn emerged from original folklore esoteric elements of the China tradition to exquisitely invented new cultural reality. This turn challenges the cultural experience of the audiences. Beginning year 2000, horror film such as "The Eye" as turned into not as fear-provoking as traditional style like "Mr. Vampire" anymore, but more constituents of anxiety regarding the new age. From the style, we can extricate some innovation tracks of discourse, and thus to gaze the process of semiotic metamorphosis of viewers themselves.

 

  

篇 名 解讀香港臥底電影的情緒結構和變遷
The Changing Structure of Feelings in Hong Kong Undercover Movies
作 者 羅永生Wing-Sang Law
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁 145-177
專  輯  
關 鍵 詞 殖民主義、情緒結構、政治寓言、警匪片   Colonialism, Structure of Feelings, Political Allegory, Gangster Movies
摘  要   八十年代以來香港電影環繞臥底探員的角色和形象,逐漸形成一個次類型,廣泛地在不同主題和風格的電影中出現。本文主要論點在於指出,臥底次類型在香港電影的浮現、發展和變化,與香港過去百多年特殊的殖民歷史處境,以及其文化與政治形構有緊密關係。作為一種政治和文化隱喻,電影中的臥底形象和臥底故事,可以幫助我們了解香港人身份及主體性問題之複雜性,以及英治晚期和九七之後香港在變遷中之情緒結構。

 Since the 1980s, Hong Kong cinema has given rise to a particular sub-genre around the figures of undercover cop which proliferate in movies with diverse themes and styles. The paper argues that its emergence is closely related to Hong Kong's peculiar colonial historical background and the corresponding cultural and political formation. As political and cultural metaphors, the figures and stories of undercover can enhance our understanding of the complexity involved in Hong Kong people's identity and subjectivity. They can also illustrate the changing structure of feelings both in the period of the late British rule and post-1997.

篇 名 慾望、青年、網路、運動:從反假分級運動談台灣社運的新形式Anti-censorship Campaign and a Nascent Social Movement in Taiwan
作 者 卡維波等 Yin-Bin Ning
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁 179-196
專  輯 台社論壇
關 鍵 詞  
摘  要   

篇 名 有感於趙剛批龍應台The Mainland of China You Have to Know
作 者 崔衛平Wei-Ping Cui
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁 249-264
專  輯 問題與討論
關 鍵 詞  
摘  要   

篇 名 雜種城市與世界主義Hybrid Cities and Cosmopolitanism
作 者 陳冠中 Koon-Chung Chan
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁 265-281
專  輯 問題與討論
關 鍵 詞  
摘  要   

篇 名 差異的社群與互惠的貨幣———反思香港的「社群經濟援助計劃」Community of Difference and Reciprocal Money—Reflections on Community Currency Project in Hong Kong
作 者 許寶強 Po-Keung Hui
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁 283-306
專  輯 問題與討論
關 鍵 詞  
摘  要   

篇 名 當代中國思想論爭的歷史品格與知識品格Historical and Intellectual Moral Characters in the Debates of Contempoary Chinese Tought 
作 者 賀照田 Zhao-Tian He
卷期年月 60 民 94.12 頁 307-340
專  輯 問題與討論
關 鍵 詞  
摘  要